বয়লার ব্যবহারকারীদের জন্য তথ্য

দপ্তরের সেবাসমূহ                                          

(১) প্রশাসনিক মন্ত্রণালয়কে শিল্প কারখানা ও অন্যান্য প্রতিষ্ঠানসমূহে বিদ্যমান বয়লার সংক্রান্ত আইন ও বিধিবিধান বিষয়ে পরামর্শ প্রদান করা।

(২) বয়লার ব্যবহারকারী বা স্বত্বাধিকারীদের বয়লারের কারিগরি নক্সা, ডিজাইন পরীক্ষণ ও সুষ্ঠুভাবে

রক্ষণাবেক্ষনের পরামর্শ ও সংশ্লি­ষ্ট বিষয়ে অনুমোদন প্রদান করা।

(৩) বয়লারের ব্যবহৃত পানি বিশুদ্ধকরণ ও বয়লার স্কেলমুক্ত রাখা সম্বন্ধে প্রয়োজনীয় উপদেশ প্রদান করা এবং সরকারী নিয়মমত ব্যবস্থা গ্রহন না করলে আইনগত ব্যবস্থা নেওয়া।

(৪) দুর্ঘটনামুক্ত রাখার জন্য বয়লারের কার্যকরী বাষ্প চাপ নির্ধারণ করা।

(৫) বয়লার আমদানীর পূর্বে ডিজাইন, নক্সা, কারিগরী স্পেসিফিকেশন, বৃত্তান্ত, যথাযথ কর্তৃপক্ষের সার্টিফিকেট ইত্যাদি পরীক্ষা নিরীক্ষা করা ও উহাদের ছাড়পত্র প্রদান করা।

(৬) স্থাপিত বয়লার পরিদর্শনপূর্বক ব্যবহারকারীদেরকে তাহাদের করণীয় বিষয়সমূহ সম্পর্কে পরামর্শ প্রদান ও রেজিষ্ট্রেশন প্রদান।

(৭) বাৎসরিক ভিত্তিতে বয়লার খোলা ও পূর্ণাঙ্গ পরিদর্শন / জলীয় চাপ পরীক্ষনের মাধ্যমে বয়লারের তথা কারখানার নিরাপত্তা নিশ্চিতকরণ এবং প্রয়োজনে মেরামত সংক্রান্ত নির্দেশনা প্রদান।

(৮) চালু বয়লারের ষ্টীম টেষ্টকরণ।

(৯) আনরেজিষ্টার্ড বয়লার সনাক্তকরণ ও প্রয়োজনীয় আইনগত ব্যবস্থা গ্রহন করা। কোন দুর্ঘটনা ঘটলে উহার কারণ অনুসন্ধান ও প্রয়োজনীয় আইনানুগ ব্যবস্থা গ্রহন।

(১০) বয়লার রেজিষ্ট্রেশন, পরিদর্শন, ড্রইং পরীক্ষণ বাবদ নির্ধারিত ফিস ট্রেজারী চালানের মাধ্যমে আদায়করণ।

(১১) বয়লার পরিচারকদের পরীক্ষার নির্ধারিত ফিস ট্রেজারী চালানের মাধ্যমে আদায়করণ।

(১২) বয়লার পরিচারক বিধিমালা মোতাবেক বয়লার পরিচারকদের পরীক্ষা গ্রহন ও কৃতকার্যদের সনদপত্র প্রদান।

(১৩) আপডেটেড টেকনিক্যাল ষ্ট্যান্ডার্ড অনুযায়ী বয়লারের ডিজাইন, কনষ্ট্রাক্টশন, টেষ্টিং এবং পরিদর্শন বিধিমালা তৈরী করার বিষয়ে বয়লার বোর্ডের কার্যক্রম চালু রাখা এবং এর জন্য প্রশাসনিক মন্ত্রণালয়কে প্রয়োজনীয় তথ্য ও পরামর্শ প্রদান।

(১৪) বয়লার প্রস্তুতকালীন সময়ে পরিদর্শনকারী কর্তৃপক্ষ হিসেবে কাজ করা এবং বয়লারের প্রস্তুতকালীন সময়ের সার্টিফিকেট প্রদান করা ।

General Working of Boilers Instructions to Boiler Owners

These instructions should be frequently and carefully studied, with a view to keeping in mind the precautions to be observed, and the ordinary procedure to be followed in the safe working of boilers. These instructions must be framed and hung up in the Boiler Room.

PRECAUTIONS BEFORE STARTING THE FIRES

Before starting the fires in a boiler, the attendant should-

(1) see that there is sufficient water in the boiler and that the gauge cocks are working freely;
(2) ease safety values, or open cock on top of boiler to allow air to escape;
(3) see that the blow-off cock is fully closed and tight;
(4) see that the safety values and feed check value are free and workable;
(5) see that water is not leaking from any part of the boiler;
(6) note if the pressure gauge pointer is at zero;
(7) see that the feed [ump is in working order

He must not rely on the supposition that the water he has previously put in is still in the boiler , as it may have run out without his knowledge through a leak or open cock, nor can be sure that the gauge glass shows the true water-level until he has tested it. This is done in the following manner : shut off the lower gauge cock and empty the glass by the drain cock; then shut the drain cock and open the gauge cock; if everything is in order, the water will then rise in the glass to the same height as before. 

RAISING STEAM

In getting up steam in all types of boilers the operation should be gradual as circumstances will allow. Nothing turns a new boiler into an old one sooner than getting up steam too quickly, Forcing the fires when starting work is liable to cause straining of the seams and tubes of the boiler. In the case of large boilers generally, steam should not be got up in less than six hours. Before getting up steam, the water-level should be observed to that water is at the prop height in the glass, the pressure gauge noted, and the safety valves tried to see that are free. The blow-off cock should be examined to see that it is completely shut and tight. 

PRESSURE GAUGE

The pressure or steam gauge should be kept in order, and in a position as be easily seen by rage boiler attendant. There should be a plain mark on it showing the highest pressure for the boiler, and the dial should be kept clean so the figures may easily be read. 

STEAM PRESSURE

Ordinarily the safety valve will prevent the steam from rising much above the working pressure, but if the steam gauge shows so raid an increase of pressure as to indicate of exceeding the highest limit, water should be immediately fed into the dampers partially closed in order to diminish the effect of the fire. If, however. the water has fallen so low that there is danger of an accident from this cause, the fires should be withdrawn before feeding in water, the safety valves eased and if the engine is at rest it should be started so as to reduce the pressure,
 

Te safety valves are provided to guard against over-pressure. They should be moved by hand every day so as to prevent them from sticking. If moved only occasionally, they are liable to leak. The valve can be tested by slowly raising it a little, and when let down, it should close perfectly tight it should never be opened by a sudden knock or pull, If it does not close tight, turn it on its seat until it fits, or when its construction does not permit this, raise it slowly a few times and let it down again, but on no account must the valve be screwed down further or loaded more than what has been allowed by the Inspector. Safety valves must never be overloaded and spring valves should have ferrules or other provision against the valves being screwed down too far. in case of an accident resulting from wilful overloading the culprit might be held criminally responsible at the official inquiry or inquest.

LOW WATER SAFETY VALVES

If there is a low water safety valve, test it occasionally by lowering the water level to see that the valve begins to blow at the right point. It should give warning BEFORE the water level has sunk too and before damage can be done. When the boiler is opened, examine the floats and lever and see that they are free and that they give the valve fill rise. With the ordinary type of high-steam and low-water safety valve the float should be down at its lowest position and the valve fill open when the boiler is empty.

THE WATER GAUGES

These will be kept in best order by frequently blowing through. The cocks are thus kept in good working condition without leaking. Blow through the drain cock at the bottom of the gauge, and shut and open the steam and water cocks every few hours. These cocks should be blow through more frequently when the water is dirty. Should either of the passages become choked, or whenever the water in the gauge glass moves sluggishly, the passages must be cleaned. This is best done with a wire. The gauge glass is so arranged that its top cock connects with the steam space and its bottom cock is below the water line. The water line will ordinarily be near the middle of the glass tube. Always test the lass water gauges thoroughly the first thing in ordinarily and at the commencement of every shift. This is done by first opening the drain cock and then shutting the upper cock which should give water; the upper cock should then be opened and the bottom cock closed which should give steam; during this test the drain cock should be kept open.
 

If water and team do not appear in proper order, the cocks are choked and the passages should be cleaned. To lessen the risk of breaking the gauge glass, the water cock should always be reopened after the steam cock.

Gauge glasses with a narrow white stripe running the whole length of the glass on the side next the boiler are recommended, as they show the water line more clearly, especially when the water is dirty.
The Government Boiler Regulations require every water gauge glass to be fitted with a guard to prevent injury to the attendants. See that it is always in place, and clean, when there is steam in the boiler. 

SPECIAL NOTE

It does not follow that there is plenty of water in the boiler because there is plenty of water in the gauge glass. The passages may be choked, and empty gauge glasses are sometimes mistaken for full ones, and explosions have resulted therefore. Hence, the importance of keeping the gauge cocks perfectly tight and clean and of blowing through the test cocks frequently.
 

A large number of accidents have been due to inoperative water gauges, and to negligence of the attendant in not carefully reading the water level. 

THE BLOW-OFF COCK

The blow-off cocks should be used daily if the water is at all dirty or sedimentary especially with locomotive type and vertical boilers, as their narrow water spaces are liable to get choked with mud, which soon hardens into a solid mass, The amount of water to be blown out depends on the size of the boiler and can be determined only from experience, When blowing out the best result if the water been at rest for some time (say before engine is started) thus giving the sediment time to settle; if the feed water is clean merely turn the cock round. 

THE SCUM COCK

When scum cocks are fitted, if the feed water is dirty, a little should be blown off daily; if the water is clean, merely turn the cock round. Before opening the scum cock see that water is at the height indicated by the water-level pointer, otherwise the scrumming will be ineffective. water should be blown from the surface through the scum cock when steam is being drawn off, i. e.; when the engine or other machinery is working.

Collected from : http://factorycomplaience.blogspot.com